• br Acknowledgements This work was financially supported

  2021-09-15

  

  Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81803033) and the “Double First-Class” University project (CPU2018GF02). Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common progressive cardiac rhythm disorder. Studies ha

• Apo E is defined as a polym

  2021-09-15

  

  Apo E is defined as a polymorphic protein arising from three alleles. The human Apo E gene was widely studied and described to be located on chromosome 19, closely linked to the Apo C-I/C-II gene complex [9]. The three major alleles, termed Epsilon-2, Epsilon-3 and Epsilon-4 have been reported [10].

• A more quantitative view of kinase specificity suggests a co

  2021-09-15

  

  A more quantitative view of kinase specificity suggests a continuum of phosphorylation rates for the various substrates of a particular kinase (Figure 4A). Such differences in ‘substrate quality’ can arise from variations in phosphorylation site or docking sequences and may explain why the timing or

• NCSs are helical proteins containing four EF hand motifs

  2021-09-15

  

  NCSs are α-helical proteins containing four EF-hand motifs with EF1 being incapable of Ca-binding throughout the family (atomic-resolution structure was firstly resolved for recoverin [5]; for review on NCS structure, see [6]). Some of the NCS proteins (i.e. recoverin and KChIP3) have two while othe

• The PAS and CC domains of sGC have been studied

  2021-09-15

  

  The PAS and CC domains of sGC have been studied less by comparison, though their function in sGC signal transduction is likely important. PAS domains are versatile as they can play varied roles in different proteins, such as quaternary structure organization, cofactor binding, and signal transductio

• br Potential endogenous agonists of

  2021-09-15

  

  Potential endogenous agonists of GPR35 The first endogenously produced chemical that was shown to be able to activate GPR35 was the tryptophan metabolite kynurenic PRT 4165 [8]. When human GPR35 was expressed along with a mixture of promiscuous and chimeric G proteins 9, 10 (Box 1) in CHO cells,

• br Redox regulation in the brain Reactive oxygen species

  2021-09-14

  

  Redox regulation in the brain Reactive oxygen species are generated in Cyanine 3-dUTP by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane (Murphy, 2009, Jensen, 1966, Dickinson and Chang, 2011). Interestingly, although most cancer cells are thought to primari

• A oligomers increased ubiquitination of GLT

  2021-09-14

  

  Aβ1-42 oligomers increased ubiquitination of GLT-1 in astrocytes. Previous studies found that astrocytic GLT-1 is internalized from the cell surface by ubiquitination of lysines located in the cytoplasmic C-terminus of the transporter (Gonzalez-Gonzalez et al., 2008, Martinez-Villarreal et al., 2012

• The bioconversion of inositol from

  2021-09-14

  

  The bioconversion of inositol from glucose was anticipated nearly a century ago and later confirmed by isotope tracing methods [[22], [23]]. This biosynthesis of inositol involves three sequentially acting enzymes: Firstly, ATP-dependent glucokinase converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P) [[2

• br Results br Discussion Our cardiomyocyte specific GR knock

  2021-09-14

  

  Results Discussion Our cardiomyocyte-specific GR knockout mice did not show spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy unless pressure overload was given to the heart. This finding is somewhat different from previous work of a cardiomyocyte-specific GR CVT 10216 mouse model using GR-floxed mice with lox

• SNL in rats led to upregulated Panx mRNA and protein

  2021-09-14

  

  SNL in rats led to upregulated Panx1 mRNA and protein level in DRG but not in spinal cord, and immunostaining revealed increased Panx1 in DRG neurons [50]. Although it was not emphasized, Panx1 labeling in SGCs was also increased in this pain model. Intrathecal injection of Panx1 blockers or Panx1-s

• Among sensitizers tested in the previous

  2021-09-14

  

  Among 22 sensitizers tested in the previous study, six test chemicals were pre- or pro-haptens (Nepal et al., 2018a). Among 6 chemicals, hydroquinone and 2-aminophenol, strong sensitizers, were falsely classified as non-sensitizers due to the lack of metabolic activation (Nepal et al., 2018a). Liter

• br Acknowledgments br The study was funded by the

  2021-09-14

  

  Acknowledgments The study was funded by the European Commission FP7-project Beta-JUDO (Grant 279153), and Swedish Diabetes Association (Grant DIA 2013-043) and Family Ernfors Foundation (Grant 150430). Free fatty ryanodine receptors (FFARs) represent a family of G-protein coupled receptors (

• Till date the first line treatment of

  2021-09-14

  

  Till date, the first line treatment of T2DM is oral metformin followed by oral sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV-inhibitors, and TZDs. As the disease progresses, injectable glucagon-like peptide-I analogues or ultimately insulin become necessary to maintain glycaemic control. Despite the establ

• To evaluate the role of increased FPPS expression

  2021-09-14

  

  To evaluate the role of increased FPPS expression in paclitaxel-treated cells, we investigated the effects of FPPS on HU 308 progression. DNA content analysis showed that the number of cells accumulating in the G/M phase increased in a dose-dependent manner in paclitaxel-treated cells (A and B), how

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